第二外国语(100分)
日语:《新版中日交流标准日本语》(中级上、下册)(2014年版),人民教育出版社。
法语:孙辉,2006,《简明法语教程》(上、下册),商务印书馆。
《新编大学德语》(第1-2册),2011,外语教学与研究出版社。
《大学德语简明教程》,2010,外语教学与研究出版社。
《新概念德语》(第1-2册) ,2012,安徽科学技术出版社。
基础英语(150分)
第一部分词汇(20分)
第二部分阅读(50分)
第三部分翻译(50分)
第四部分写作(30分)
语言学综合(150分)
参考书目:
胡壮麟,2006,《语言学教程》(修订版英文本),北京大学出版社(第3版)。
胡壮麟,2002,《语言学教程》(修订版中译本),北京大学出版社。
“基础英语”考试的结构及题型
第一部分词汇(20分)
从所给单词中选出合适的填在空白处(每题1分,共20题)
例:TEXT1
continued,listed,while,lending,in,as,include,appearing,lasting,succeeded
Gothicarchitectureisastyleofarchitecturewhichflourishedduringthehighandlatemedievalperiod.ItevolvedfromRomanesquearchitectureandwas___1___byRenaissancearchitecture.
Originatingin12th-centuryFranceand___2___intothe16thcentury,Gothicarchitecturewasknownduringtheperiodas“theFrenchstyle”,withthetermGothicfirst__3___duringthelatterpartoftheRenaissance.Itscharacteristicfeatures___4___thepointedarch,theribbedvaultandtheflyingbuttress.
Gothicarchitectureismostfamiliar___5___thearchitectureofmanyofthegreatcathedrals,abbeysandparishchurchesofEurope.Itisalsothearchitectureofmanycastle,palaces,townhalls,guildhalls,universities,andtoalessprominentextent,privatedwellings.
Itisinthegreatchurchesandcathedralsand___6___anumberofcivicbuildingsthattheGothicstylewasexpressedmostpowerfully,itscharacteristics___7___themselvestoappealtotheemotions.Agreatnumberofecclesiasticalbuildingsremainfromthisperiod,ofwhicheventhesmallestareoftenstructuresofarchitecturaldistinction___8___manyofthelargerchurchesareconsideredpricelessworksofartandare___9___withUNESCOasWorldHeritageSites.
AseriesofGothicrevivalsbeganinmid-18thcenturyEngland,spreadthrough19th-centuryEuropeand___10___,largelyforecclesiasticalanduniversitystructures,intothe20thcentury.
TEXT2(略)
第二部分阅读(50分)
用简单的英文重述以下划横线的句子(每题6分,共30分)
例:
TEXT1
Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.Thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing.Theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.
写出下列语段的概要。概要的长度应约等于原文的三分之一(共20分)
例:
Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.
Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.
Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.
Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlythatparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthisproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.
第三部分翻译(50分)
A.英译汉(20分)
B.汉译英(20分)
C.古汉语翻译为英文(10分)
第四部分写作(30分)
根据所给题目写一篇不少于500词的作文。
“语言学综合”的结构和题型
Fillintheblanksbymakingachoicebetweenthewordsgiven.(60points,2pointseach)
例如:
situational context | dialects | fricatives | morphological |
| | | |
InChinatherearelanguageswhicharemutuallyun-intelligiblewhenspokenbutareoftencalled_________ofoneChineselanguage.
Giveabriefanswertoeachofthequestions.(40points,5pointseach)
例如:
Whatdoesthephrase“thearbitrarinessofthelinguisticsign”denote?
III.Answerthefollowingquestions.(50points,10pointseach)
例如:
WhatisSapir-WhorfHypothesis?
2020年中国科学院大学外国语言学及应用语言学招收硕士研究生介第二外国语(100分)类似问题答案