1）文学：40分
参考书目：张伯香，1999，《英美文学选读》（英文），外语教学与研究出版社。
参考书目：张伯香，1999，《英美文学选读》（英文），外语教学与研究出版社。
参考书目：张伯香，1999，《英美文学选读》（英文），外语教学与研究出版社。
2）语言学：110分
参考书目：
胡壮麟，2006，《语言学教程》(修订版英文本)，北京大学出版社（第3版）。胡壮麟，2002，《语言学教程》(修订版中译本)，北京大学出版社。
“基础英语”考试的结构及题型
参考书目：
胡壮麟，2006，《语言学教程》(修订版英文本)，北京大学出版社（第3版）。胡壮麟，2002，《语言学教程》(修订版中译本)，北京大学出版社。
“基础英语”考试的结构及题型
参考书目：
胡壮麟，2006，《语言学教程》(修订版英文本)，北京大学出版社（第3版）。胡壮麟，2002，《语言学教程》(修订版中译本)，北京大学出版社。
“基础英语”考试的结构及题型
第一部分词汇（20分）
从所给单词中选出合适的填在空白处（每题1分，共20题）
例：TEXT1
continued,listed,while,lending,in,as,include,appearing,lasting,succeeded
Gothicarchitectureisastyleofarchitecturewhichflourishedduringthehighandlatemedievalperiod.ItevolvedfromRomanesquearchitectureandwas___1___byRenaissancearchitecture.
Originatingin12th-centuryFranceand___2___intothe16thcentury,Gothicarchitecturewasknownduringtheperiodas“theFrenchstyle”,withthetermGothicfirst__3___duringthelatterpartoftheRenaissance.Itscharacteristicfeatures___4___thepointedarch,theribbedvaultandtheflyingbuttress.
Gothicarchitectureismostfamiliar___5___thearchitectureofmanyofthegreatcathedrals,abbeysandparishchurchesofEurope.Itisalsothearchitectureofmanycastle,palaces,townhalls,guildhalls,universities,andtoalessprominentextent,privatedwellings.
Itisinthegreatchurchesandcathedralsand___6___anumberofcivicbuildingsthattheGothicstylewasexpressedmostpowerfully,itscharacteristics___7___themselvestoappealtotheemotions.Agreatnumberofecclesiasticalbuildingsremainfromthisperiod,ofwhicheventhesmallestareoftenstructuresofarchitecturaldistinction___8___manyofthelargerchurchesareconsideredpricelessworksofartandare___9___withUNESCOasWorldHeritageSites.
AseriesofGothicrevivalsbeganinmid-18thcenturyEngland,spreadthrough19th-centuryEuropeand___10___,largelyforecclesiasticalanduniversitystructures,intothe20thcentury.
TEXT2（略）
从所给单词中选出合适的填在空白处（每题1分，共20题）
例：TEXT1
continued,listed,while,lending,in,as,include,appearing,lasting,succeeded
Gothicarchitectureisastyleofarchitecturewhichflourishedduringthehighandlatemedievalperiod.ItevolvedfromRomanesquearchitectureandwas___1___byRenaissancearchitecture.
Originatingin12th-centuryFranceand___2___intothe16thcentury,Gothicarchitecturewasknownduringtheperiodas“theFrenchstyle”,withthetermGothicfirst__3___duringthelatterpartoftheRenaissance.Itscharacteristicfeatures___4___thepointedarch,theribbedvaultandtheflyingbuttress.
Gothicarchitectureismostfamiliar___5___thearchitectureofmanyofthegreatcathedrals,abbeysandparishchurchesofEurope.Itisalsothearchitectureofmanycastle,palaces,townhalls,guildhalls,universities,andtoalessprominentextent,privatedwellings.
Itisinthegreatchurchesandcathedralsand___6___anumberofcivicbuildingsthattheGothicstylewasexpressedmostpowerfully,itscharacteristics___7___themselvestoappealtotheemotions.Agreatnumberofecclesiasticalbuildingsremainfromthisperiod,ofwhicheventhesmallestareoftenstructuresofarchitecturaldistinction___8___manyofthelargerchurchesareconsideredpricelessworksofartandare___9___withUNESCOasWorldHeritageSites.
AseriesofGothicrevivalsbeganinmid-18thcenturyEngland,spreadthrough19th-centuryEuropeand___10___,largelyforecclesiasticalanduniversitystructures,intothe20thcentury.
TEXT2（略）
从所给单词中选出合适的填在空白处（每题1分，共20题）
例：TEXT1
continued,listed,while,lending,in,as,include,appearing,lasting,succeeded
Gothicarchitectureisastyleofarchitecturewhichflourishedduringthehighandlatemedievalperiod.ItevolvedfromRomanesquearchitectureandwas___1___byRenaissancearchitecture.
Originatingin12th-centuryFranceand___2___intothe16thcentury,Gothicarchitecturewasknownduringtheperiodas“theFrenchstyle”,withthetermGothicfirst__3___duringthelatterpartoftheRenaissance.Itscharacteristicfeatures___4___thepointedarch,theribbedvaultandtheflyingbuttress.
Gothicarchitectureismostfamiliar___5___thearchitectureofmanyofthegreatcathedrals,abbeysandparishchurchesofEurope.Itisalsothearchitectureofmanycastle,palaces,townhalls,guildhalls,universities,andtoalessprominentextent,privatedwellings.
Itisinthegreatchurchesandcathedralsand___6___anumberofcivicbuildingsthattheGothicstylewasexpressedmostpowerfully,itscharacteristics___7___themselvestoappealtotheemotions.Agreatnumberofecclesiasticalbuildingsremainfromthisperiod,ofwhicheventhesmallestareoftenstructuresofarchitecturaldistinction___8___manyofthelargerchurchesareconsideredpricelessworksofartandare___9___withUNESCOasWorldHeritageSites.
AseriesofGothicrevivalsbeganinmid-18thcenturyEngland,spreadthrough19th-centuryEuropeand___10___,largelyforecclesiasticalanduniversitystructures,intothe20thcentury.
TEXT2（略）
第二部分阅读（50分）用简单的英文重述以下划横线的句子（每题6分，共30分）
例：
TEXT1
Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.Thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing.Theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.
B.写出下列语段的概要。概要的长度应约等于原文的三分之一（共20分）
例：
Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.
Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.
Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.
Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlythatparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthisproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.
例：
TEXT1
Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.Thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing.Theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.
B.写出下列语段的概要。概要的长度应约等于原文的三分之一（共20分）
例：
Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.
Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.
Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.
Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlythatparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthisproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.
例：
TEXT1
Theraisingoflivestockisamajoreconomicactivityinsemiaridlands,wheregrassesaregenerallythedominanttypeofnaturalvegetation.Thiseconomicrelianceonlivestockincertainregionsmakeslargetractsoflandsusceptibletoovergrazing.Theconsequencesofanexcessivenumberoflivestockgrazinginanareaarethereductionofthevegetationcoverandthetramplingandpulverizationofthesoil.Thisisusuallyfollowedbythedryingofthesoilandacceleratederosion.
B.写出下列语段的概要。概要的长度应约等于原文的三分之一（共20分）
例：
Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militatetowardsanarrowingoftherangeofperceptionandinthelesseningoftheobjectivityofperception.
Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceofeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawarenessofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoaldirectedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoals,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.
Intheprimitivebeing,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplymotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfantceasestodesiretheobjectwhenhecannotseeit.Furtherindicationsarethattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishands,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.
Theimpactofthesocializationprocess,particularlythatparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivelydirectedbehavior.Thetensionthisproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.
第三部分翻译（50分）
A．英译汉（20分）
B．汉译英（20分）
C.古汉语翻译为英文（10分）
A．英译汉（20分）
B．汉译英（20分）
C.古汉语翻译为英文（10分）
A．英译汉（20分）
B．汉译英（20分）
C.古汉语翻译为英文（10分）
第四部分写作（30分）
根据所给题目写一篇不少于500词的作文。
“综合考试”的结构和题型
根据所给题目写一篇不少于500词的作文。
“综合考试”的结构和题型
根据所给题目写一篇不少于500词的作文。
“综合考试”的结构和题型
一、文学部分（40分）
A．多项选择填空（10分，每题1分，共10题）
例：ParadiseLostby__________presentsitsbasicideaasapassionateappealforfreedom.
[A]JohnBunyan [B]JohnMilton
[C]ThomasMore [D]EdmundSpenser
B.文学片段赏析（30分，每题15分，共2题）
例：ReadthefollowinglinesfromRobertFrost’sStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,andanswerthequestionsbelow.
Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.
ButIhavepromisedtokeep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.
Questions:
Whatkindoffeelingdoesthisstanzashow?Andhowdoyouappreciatethispoem?
A．多项选择填空（10分，每题1分，共10题）
例：ParadiseLostby__________presentsitsbasicideaasapassionateappealforfreedom.
[A]JohnBunyan [B]JohnMilton
[C]ThomasMore [D]EdmundSpenser
B.文学片段赏析（30分，每题15分，共2题）
例：ReadthefollowinglinesfromRobertFrost’sStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,andanswerthequestionsbelow.
Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.
ButIhavepromisedtokeep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.
Questions:
Whatkindoffeelingdoesthisstanzashow?Andhowdoyouappreciatethispoem?
A．多项选择填空（10分，每题1分，共10题）
例：ParadiseLostby__________presentsitsbasicideaasapassionateappealforfreedom.
[A]JohnBunyan [B]JohnMilton
[C]ThomasMore [D]EdmundSpenser
B.文学片段赏析（30分，每题15分，共2题）
例：ReadthefollowinglinesfromRobertFrost’sStoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening,andanswerthequestionsbelow.
Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.
ButIhavepromisedtokeep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,
AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.
Questions:
Whatkindoffeelingdoesthisstanzashow?Andhowdoyouappreciatethispoem?
二、语言学部分（110分）
A．选词填空（40分，每空2分）
例：semantics,phonology,morphology,syntax,lexicology
Thestudyofwordsislexis;thestudyofthemeaningsofwords,phrasesandsentencesis________.Thestudyofspeechsoundsisphoneticsandthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguagesis________.________isthestudyofthecompositionofwords.________isthestudyofthecompositionofsentences.
B．简答下列问题（30分，每题5分，共6题）
例：Useexamplestoillustratethedifferencebetweencontentwordsandfunctionwords.
C．回答下列问题（40分，每题10分，共4题）
例：Whatisyouropinionabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?
A．选词填空（40分，每空2分）
例：semantics,phonology,morphology,syntax,lexicology
Thestudyofwordsislexis;thestudyofthemeaningsofwords,phrasesandsentencesis________.Thestudyofspeechsoundsisphoneticsandthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguagesis________.________isthestudyofthecompositionofwords.________isthestudyofthecompositionofsentences.
B．简答下列问题（30分，每题5分，共6题）
例：Useexamplestoillustratethedifferencebetweencontentwordsandfunctionwords.
C．回答下列问题（40分，每题10分，共4题）
例：Whatisyouropinionabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?
A．选词填空（40分，每空2分）
例：semantics,phonology,morphology,syntax,lexicology
Thestudyofwordsislexis;thestudyofthemeaningsofwords,phrasesandsentencesis________.Thestudyofspeechsoundsisphoneticsandthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguagesis________.________isthestudyofthecompositionofwords.________isthestudyofthecompositionofsentences.
B．简答下列问题（30分，每题5分，共6题）
例：Useexamplestoillustratethedifferencebetweencontentwordsandfunctionwords.
C．回答下列问题（40分，每题10分，共4题）
例：Whatisyouropinionabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?
2019年中国科学院大学外语系招收外国语言学及应用语言学硕士研究生介基础英语（150分）类似问题答案