切换城市: 广东 其它

2019年沈阳师范大学文学院硕士研究生招生考试初试大纲-语言学理论

  2019年08月13日09:24  沈阳师范大学 内容被挡住,点击这里看完整内容

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试大纲


科目代码:839
科目名称:语言学理论
适用专业:语言学及应用语言学
制订单位:沈阳师范大学
修订日期:2018年9月


《语言学理论》考试大纲
一、考试目标
1.系统掌握语言学基本概念及相关理论;
2.能够运用语言学基本理论分析解释常见的语言现象。
二、考试内容及要求
(一)绪论
1.考试内容
(1)语言学的性质和任务
(2)语言学研究的方法和分类
(3)语言研究的回顾与小结
2.考试要求
(1)语言学的性质和任务
1)识记:语言学的概念
2)理解:语言学的任务
(2)语言学研究的方法和分类
            1)识记:语言学各种分类的概念
            2)理解:各组概念的分类标准及其区别。
(3)语言研究的回顾与小结
           1)识记概念:“五段”“两线”“三解放”中涉及的各个概念;
           2)掌握基本理论:“五段”各个阶段的代表语言学家及其主要语言学观点;“两线”的内容。
(二)总论
1.考试内容
(1)语言和言语的对立统一
(2)语言的社会功能
(3)语言的内部结构
(4)对言语的研究——言语的语言学
(5)语言在言语中发展
2.考试要求
(1)语言和言语的对立统一
1)识记基本概念:语言;言语
2)掌握基本理论:语言和言语的关系
(2)语言的社会功能
1)识记基本概念:形象思维;抽象思维
2)掌握基本理论:语言的社会功能;语言和思维的关系
(3)语言的内部结构
             1)识记基本概念:符号;任意性;线条性;组合关系;聚合关系
             2)掌握基本理论:语言符号的特点;语言是一个符号系统
             3)应用分析:运用任意性理论分析语言现象。

(4)对言语的研究——言语的语言学
1)识记基本概念:言语的语言学;语用学;
            2)掌握基本理论:言语的交际过程;言语行为理论;言语会话原则
            3)应用分析:运用会话原则分析语言现象。
(5)语言在言语中发展
1)识记基本概念:语言的分化;亲属语言;语言的整化;民族共同语;语言的混合;语言的融合
            2)掌握基本理论:语言稳定和发展的条件;语言发展规律
(三)语音
1.考试内容
(1)语音和语音学
(2)语言的声音
(3)言语的声音
2.考试要求
(1)语音和语音学
              理解语音的生理特性、物理特性、心理特性、社会特性。
(2)语言的声音
1)识记基本概念:音素;音位及其相关概念;音节及其相关概念                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
             2)掌握基本理论:元音的分类;辅音的分类;音位和音素的关系
         (3)言语的声音
识记基本概念:语流音变及其相关概念;语调及其相关概念                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
(四)语义
1.考试内容
(1)语义的定义和分类
(2)语言意义
(3)言语意义
(4)语义的历史演变
2.考试要求
(1)语义的定义和分类
1)识记基本概念:语义;语言意义;言语意义                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
              2)掌握基本理论:语言意义和言语意义的关系
(2)语言意义
1)识记基本概念:义位;义素;语义场;话题;述题                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
              2)掌握基本理论:词义的类型;词义的特点; 语义场的类型和特点;义素分析;句义结构模式的组合关系
(3)言语意义
1)识记基本概念:语境;预设;蕴涵                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
              2)掌握基本理论:语境对语义的作用;语义对语境的作用;语义在语境中的变化形式
              3) 应用分析:运用语境与语义的相关理论解释语言现象;语言意义和言语意义的关系
(4)语义的历史演变
掌握基本理论:语义历史演变的原因;语义历史演变的途径;语义历史演变的结果
(五)词汇
1.考试内容
(1)词汇的定义和分类
(2)语言的词汇
(3)言语的词汇
(4)词汇的发展变化
2.考试要求
(1)词汇的定义和分类                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
1)识记基本概念:词汇;语言的词汇;言语的词汇                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
            2)掌握基本理论:语言的词汇和言语的词汇的关系    
        (2)语言的词汇
1)识记基本概念:词;语素                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
            2)掌握基本理论:语言词汇的特点;区分词和词组;语素的类型;词的结构类型;语法构词;词汇系统的分类;语汇系统的分类
(3)言语的词汇
掌握基本理论:网络词汇的分类;网络词汇的来源;网络缩略语;网络用语的规范化
(4)词汇的发展变化
1)掌握基本理论:新词产生的方式;词汇发展变化的表现形式
            2)应用分析:网络词汇的特点;网络词汇与社会的关系;从词汇看语言与社会的关系
(六)语法
1.考试内容
(1)语法的性质及其单位
(2)词法
(3)句法
(4)篇章语法
(5)语法在运用中演变
2.考试要求
(1)语法的性质及其单位
      1)识记基本概念:语法                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
            2)掌握基本理论:语法的特点;语法单位
(2)词法
1)识记基本概念:语法意义;语法范畴;词形范畴;词类;语法形式;语法手段;形态;外部形态;内部形态                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
            2)掌握基本理论:词形范畴的分类;划分词类的标准;语法手段的类型
(3)句法
1)识记基本概念:显性意义;隐性意义;显性形式;隐性形式                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)掌握基本理论:句子成分分析法;直接成分分析法;转换分析法
(4)篇章语法
1)识记基本概念:篇章                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)掌握基本理论:篇章的粘连性表现形式


(5)语法在运用中演变
1)识记基本概念:语法化                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)掌握基本理论:语法演变的表现形式
(七)文字
1.考试内容
(1)文字的性质
(2)文字的符号和类型
(3)文字的价值和应用
(4)文字规范化
2.考试要求
(1)文字的性质
1)识记基本概念:文字                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)掌握基本理论: 文字的性质;文字的作用
(2)文字的符号和类型
1)识记基本概念:字符                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
            2)掌握基本理论:字符的类型;文字的类型;汉字的类型
(3)文字的价值和应用
应用分析:广告中的文字效应;店铺名称的文字问题
(4)文字规范化
1)识记基本概念:文字规范化                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)应用分析:汉字拼音化问题;使用繁体字与简化字问题
(八)交叉语言学
1.考试内容
(1)功能主义语言学
(2)模糊语言学
(3)社会语言学
(4)认知语言学
(5)语言类型学
(6)心理语言学
(7)神经语言学
(8)文化语言学                                                                                                                                                                              
2.考试要求
(1)功能主义语言学
1)识记基本概念:原型;标记性;象似性                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
            2)掌握基本理论:功能主义语言观
(2)模糊语言学
掌握基本理论:语义的模糊性;言语的模糊语义;语法的模糊性;交际中模糊语言的运用
(3)社会语言学
1)识记基本概念:变体;社会变项
2)掌握基本理论:社会语言学的语言观;语言的地域变体;语言的社会变体;语言的功能变体                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
(4)认知语言学
1)识记基本概念:范畴化;隐喻                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
            2)掌握基本理论:范畴化理论;原型理论;理想化认知模式;隐喻理论
(5)语言类型学
1)识记基本概念:语言类型学;蕴含共性;语法等级
            2)掌握基本理论:当代类型学的特征
(6)心理语言学
1)识记基本概念:心理语言学                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)掌握基本理论:心理语言学的研究任务;言语生成的心理机制
(7)神经语言学
1)识记基本概念:神经语言学
            2)理解基本理论:三大语言中枢的功能;言语活动的神经机制
(8)文化语言学                                                                                                                                                                              
1)识记基本概念:文化                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
            2)掌握基本理论:语言与文化的关系
三、试卷结构
1.解释概念题。
2.简答题。
3.论述题。
四、主要参考书
  岑运强:《语言学概论》,中国人民大学出版社,2016年。


原标题:2019年沈阳师范大学文学院硕士研究生招生考试初试大纲-语言学理论


研究生 研究生 考试 硕士
手机版:2019年沈阳师范大学文学院硕士研究生招生考试初试大纲-语言学理论
-新文章
相关学校
技校专业
问答